The results show that the time taken for iron ore particles to saturate with liquid can be of the order of hours-much longer than the typical residence time during drum granulation in sinter ...

One of the recent areas of progress for better energy utilisation in iron ore sintering process is the distribution pattern of the fuel inside a macroparticle, which is formed with fine particles ...

This study demonstrates the potential of such low-grade fly ash as a substitute for flux and MgO sources in the iron-ore sintering process, a critical step in producing feedstock to yield ∼1 Gt/yr of crude steel globally. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the supply of fine MgO particles from fly ash via thermal …

Sintering is an agglomeration process used in the iron and steel making industry. In sinter machine, the fine iron ore particles are agglomerated to form porous coarse particles by combustion of fuel [1,2,3,4,5].After agglomeration process in sinter machine, the hot sinter is crushed by the rotating breaker and transferred to the chute …

Fig. 1 gives the size distribution and particle morphology of iron ore materials, which showed that about of the particles was less than 100 μm, with more than 20% of them even less than 10 μm. Numerous smaller particles were adhered on the surface of bigger ones. Table 2 gives the size distribution of other auxiliary materials, …

The process of sintering is a thermal operation involving melting and assimilation reactions. The first stage of the sintering process is the formation of the melt which involves the reaction between fine iron ore particles and fluxes. The initial melt is generated from adhering fines during heating via reaction between iron ore and fluxes.

Generally, four granulation mechanisms have been identified [1], including auto-layering, coalescence, adhesion of micro pellets, and two-stage layering.For iron ore sintering, due to the existence of core particles (large ore with a size of 5–10 mm) and a large proportion of fine particles (with a size of <1 mm), the main mechanism is so …

The sinter plant that converts the iron ore fines into a desirable blast furnace feed, offers an avenue for recycling wastes. One of the several wastes that are produced at an iron and steel plant is the undersized pellet fines, which cannot be directly used in iron making. The present study evaluated the influence of these pellet fines on the sintering …

In an iron ore sintering bed, combustion of solid fuel supplies heat needed for sintering of fine particles and determines the quality of the sintered ores and the productivity of the process. Coke has been widely used as an ideal fuel for this process, but recent attempts to partially replace coke with a less expensive fuel have been ...

the use of fi ne-grained coke breeze granulate has been. observed, including: improved process effi ciency from 4 to 9 %. reduced sintering duration from 5 to 9 %. reduced consumption of basic ...

Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process (1300-1480°C, Eisele and Kawatra, 2003) of a mixture of iron ore mineral fines (0.5-8 mm), by-products of the iron and steelmaking industry, fluxes ...

The mechanism of coalescence and densification in iron ore sintering has been explored for the purpose of understanding and quantifying how sinter micro-structure develops and is affected by flame ...

May Concentrate Iron ore, as a refractory iron concentrate, deteriorates the permeability of the sintered layer during the sintering process due to its fine particle size and poor granulating performance. Therefore, it cannot be widely used in iron ore sintering. In this study, the strengthening granulation of May Concentrate Iron ore …

DOI: 10.1002/APJ.2629 Corpus ID: 233962363; Effect of coating structure of granulated quasi‐fuel particles in iron ore sintering @article{Lai2021EffectOC, title={Effect of coating structure of granulated quasi‐fuel particles in iron ore sintering}, author={Zhenya Lai and Laiquan Lv and Hanxiao Meng and Mingxi Zhou and Pengnan …

FeO so formed combines with SiO 2 and fluxes resulting in the formation of fluxed sinter.. The flexibility of the sintering process permits conversion of a variety of materials, including iron ore fines, captured dusts, ore concentrates, and other iron-bearing materials of small particle size (e.g., mill scale) into a clinker-like agglomerate.

Abstract. Iron ore sintering is the main process of fines agglomeration for ironmaking with relevant particulate matter and trace element emissions of integrated steel plants. Due to the high environmental and human health impacts caused by trace elements, legislations are becoming more stringent for regulating emissions of the trace elements.

Iron ore sintering consists of heating a layer of fines until partial melting occurs and individual ore particles fuse together. For this purpose, a traveling-grate machine is used, and the burning of fine coke (known as coke breeze) within the ore generates the necessary heat. Before being delivered to the sinter machine, the ore mixture is ...

During the iron ore sintering process, two types of particles are present in the sinter bed: (1) fines, which are actively taking part in melting and the formation of secondary phases, and (2 ...

The iron ore used in this study included three Australian ores and two Brazilian ores. ... thus forming larger S-type quasi-particles. In contrast, fine coke powder was mixed with more flux and ore powder to form the ... Effect of coating structure of granulated quasi‐fuel particles in iron ore sintering. Asia Pac. J. Chem. Eng. (2021), …

Specifically, the use of pellets results in a higher production of hot m etal per ton of. burden charged, lower slag ra te, lower coke rate and lower overall fuel consumption. The lower fuel con ...

Sinter quality is a key element for stable blast furnace operation. Sinter strength and reducibility depend considerably on the mineral composition and associated textural features. During sinter optical image analysis (OIA), it is important to distinguish different morphologies of the same mineral such as primary/secondary hematite, and …

Sintering is the most extensively used and economic agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Granulation is the most critical factor controlling iron ore sintering process, as it improves sinter mix permeability. Currently, sinter plants are receiving significant proportion (up to 40%) of − 150 μm micro-fines in …

Until the 1950s of the last century, the oxidized iron ores that were loaded into the blast furnace had granulometries within 10 and 120 mm. However, the depletion of high-grade iron ore sources has made necessary the utilization of concentration processes with the purpose of enriching the iron ore. Because of these processes, a fine …

In general, it is considered that the mixture contains the nucleation particles and the adhesion layer, where nucleated particles are composed of returns and ores with larger particles (+0.5 mm) and fine particles (−0.5 mm) [33] adhere to coarse particles under the action of water or is formed between the fine particles in a rolling manner ...

The iron ore sintering was characterized as a relatively uniform process of solid material, coke combustion, various modes of heat transfer, and the complicated physical changes of solid particles.

CHAPTER-11. IRON ORE SINTERINGR. P. BhagatINTRODUCTIONThe process of sinter making originated from a need to make use of fines gener. ted in mines and in ore benefiCiation plants. With the development of sintering technology, a sintering plant has become a tremendous success for providing a phenomenal increase in productivity. and …

The iron ore sintering can be divided in two important steps which are the granulation and the thermal densifica-tion, which determine the final quality of the sinter as well the sintering process performance.4) The characteristics of iron ore affect the sintering process, because it impact on these two steps of the process. Vieira 5) mentioned ...

In an iron ore sintering bed, combustion of solid fuel supplies heat needed for sintering of fine particles and determines the quality of the sintered ores and the productivity of the process.

1. Introduction. Sintering is very widely used around the world to prepare a lumpy ferrous feed for the ironmaking blast furnace. The sintering process involves the formation of a bed on a strand and the sequential combustion of solid fuel particles (typically coke) in the bed to form a narrow flame front, which travels downwards.

Chin-Lu Mo et al. [5] used sugar as the binding enhancer to increase the viscosity of water in iron ore sinter granules, more water was on the surface of nuclear particles (+1 mm particles) and available for granulation, the thickness of adhering layer of granules was increased, coarser granules would improve the bed permeability and …