Makes a good sub-ballast though, under lots of rock ballast. Chats: By-product of lead or zinc mining. Smallish particles (marble-sized but angular) so not as good for holding line or surface. Fairly hard. Decent ballast for light duty trackage such as branch lines or lighter duty industry tracks. Steel mill slag: Light gray with air bubbles.

About 160 thousand tons of steel slag was used as railroad ballast in the year 1994 in the USA [7]. But in India, the use of steel slag as a railway construction material is very limited. However, some studies [8–10] are found which recommends the use of Indian steel slag as ballast material. Some researchers have performed the triaxial test ...

Use of steel slag as railway ballast: A review. With the rapid increase in the demand of rail transportation, the construction of new railway tracks and the proper maintenance of existing tracks are necessary. This places an additional demand on the requirement of ballast, which is generally sourced from local quarries. With a view to reduce ...

The research trends show the innovations are done in well-known uses such as aggregate in bituminous mixes, cement ingredient, concrete aggregate, antiskid aggregate and railroad ballast towards maximizing the utilization of steel slag by the use of modifiers or fillers or by alteration of physical and chemical properties of the slag.

Recent research on the performance of steel slag aggregates for railway ballast includes, among others, studies on their viability and chemical characterisation [8], deformation behaviour under ...

Moreover, the shoulder ballast height was chosen 0 and 10 cm. Consequently, the lateral resistance of both tracks was measured and compared in the same conditions. In overall, the obtained results confirmed a 27% increase in lateral resistance of track with steel slag ballast respect to that with limestone ballast.

The use of UBMs in these stiff substructure sections is beneficial to reduce excessive ballast deterioration and also counterbalance the adverse effects associated with limited ballast depth. In this view, a large-scale laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the stress–strain, degradation and energy dissipation behaviour of ballast ...

ballast in limestone ballast was almost 1.39 times greater than steel slag ballast [2]. Sahay et al. proposed many applications for steel slag as aggregate and ballast layer implementation with respect to its physical properties [18]. Koh et al. investigated the performance of steel furnace slag as ballast material in railway track.

Railway ballast, for which natural crushed stone aggregates have been generally used, is an essential track component for the distribution of train loads along the rails and sleepers to the roadbed. However, the use of natural crushed stone aggregate causes environmental destruction as well as dust production in train service. This paper evaluates the …

Over the last few years, use of steel slag ballast as an appropriate material instead of conventional stone ballast has gotten more attention by railway owners in various countries. In this regard, one of the technical concerns is the differences of vertical load distribution in these two materials. This factor has a significant influence on ...

CMQ. October 6, 2017 – The traditional three-part recipe for a railroad – rock, creosote-soaked hardwood ties, and ribbons of steel rail – has remained essentially unchanged since the first iron horse was put to …

slag piles, which had been purchased for use as railroad ballast. Both remedial investigations were performed under Administrative Order on Consent CERCLA-Vni-92006. The purpose of the RI was to characterize the zinc slag pile in sufficient detail such that its chemical and physical properties could be evaluated for potential impacts on human ...

Copper slag is used as a raw material for preparing value-added products such as cement, fill materials in retaining structures, ballast, abrasive, cutting tools, recycled aggregates, roofing ...

1. Introduction. The quantity of industrial waste produced globally is hugely increasing due to the exponential growth of population and consumerism [1], [2].Industrial slags produced from manufacturing non-ferrous metals like copper and lead amount to more than 50 million tons annually [3].Since many toxic elements like lead, zinc, copper …

It demonstrates that the stockpiled BOF slag possesses sufficient density to prevent floating in a zinc chloride solution with a specific gravity of 2.0. ... and S. Patra, "Behaviour of steel slag ballast for railway under cyclic loading," in Geotechnical Characterization and Modelling: Proceedings of IGC 2018, 2020, pp. 709-722: Springer ...

The results illustrated that the use of slag ballast increased the stiffness of the track by 35 % compared to rock ballast. Furthermore, increasing the percentage of slag in the sample brought ...

After painting the rails/ties and letting them dry, I pour the ballast on and gently shape it with a soft 3/4" artist brush. I use the Woodland Scenics medium ballast for HO. Then I use a spray bottle …

Other articles where ballast is discussed: railroad: Location and construction: …completed roadbed, its foundation is ballast, usually of crushed rock, slag, or volcanic ash. The sleepers, or crossties, to which the rails are fastened, are embedded in the ballast. This is tightly compacted or tamped around the sleepers to keep the track precisely leveled and …

Steel slag is cubical in shape with a high angle of internal friction and high aggregate interlocking characteristics. The material has the potential for use as railway ballast. It is important to make sure several key performances in field to convince the railway agencies for further application. Aggregate impact value and Los angeles abrasion ...

High-grade slag fulfills all the characteristics of good ballast. Steel slag is a dense rock with a density of not less than 3.2 g/cm 3, So, steel slag is successfully used as a rail ballast. Advantages of Blast Furnace Slag Ballast: 1. It is cheap material. 2. It has good drainage properties.

Calculate Ballast Rock. Type in inches and feet of your project and calculate the estimated amount of Recycled Materials in cubic yards, cubic feet and Tons, that your need for your project. The Density of Ballast Rock: 2,410 lb/yd³ …

Their results revealed that BOF steel slag, which is a residue from the basic oxygen converter in steel making operations, could be used as aggregate for road constructions. Kaya (2004) studied on the stress-strain behavior of railroad ballast materials by use of parallel gradation technique.

As I may have mentioned above, cost is the number one factor. Both the purchase cost of the ballast at the rock quarry and then the cost of shipping it to the destination. Railroad owned quarries (usually operated by a contractor) are cheaper than privately owned quarries so railroad tend to ship the ballast further from railroad owned facilities.

Ballast Ballast is a free draining coarse aggregate or metallurgical slag used to support railway tracks. Nominal Size The designation of an aggregate which gives an indication of the largest size particle present. 4 Sampling and Testing Unless otherwise specified below sampling and testing shall be carried out in accordance with the

Steel Slag—Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and Cementitious Properties. Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. This paper reviews the production,….

But in India, the use of steel slag as a railway construction material is very limited. However, some studies [8] [9][10] are found which recommends the use of Indian steel slag as ballast ...

Slag has historically been managed as waste, but where economically feasible (i.e., if the cost of transporting it can be offset by the cost of the application), it is typically crushed for use in abrasives, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, and aggregate fillers in concrete. These uses have not always taken

Abstract. This paper gives the results of tests for the replacement of Portland cement in blended cement, by ground granulated lead/zinc slag. It is part of a wider programme to investigate the potential use of available granulated lead/zinc slag in cemented mine paste backfill. The results show that the slag gives similar compressive strength ...

Therefore an attempt has been made to use steel slag as the subballast material in the present work. ... barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc. The results show the steel slag has the potential to be used as subballast material. ... Rail transportation, Railroad ballast, Steel construction, Strength of materials, Slag, Steel, …

Since the maintenance and renew al of ballast involve the. use of huge amount of stones of differen t type and specific mechanical characteristics, all railway main tenance. guidelines recommend ...