The sulfate content of aggregates used in concrete works is determined by test No.5 of the British Standard BS 1337-2018 and then compare the results with the limit of the British standard BS 882: ...

The aggregates used in the production of concrete are inert granular materials such as gravel, crushed stone, sand, slag, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates. The aggregates may be natural, manufactured, or recycled. ... Categories for maximum values of acid-soluble sulfate content. 2.2 Total Sulfur. The total sulfur content of the ...

The sulfate resistance was also reported to be worse in RC, compared to ordinary concrete (NC), when a high content of recycled aggregates was used [36,37,38,39]. Therefore, how to prevent or reduce the damage of sulfate attack to concrete structures and improve the sulfate corrosion resistance of recycled concrete has …

phase composition of the cement is shown in Table 2. 2.3 Aggregates The fine aggregate was natural sand (fineness modulus = 2.87) from the Sinam area containing sulphate (as SO3) of 0.38%. The coarse aggregate was natural gravel with a maximum grain size of 12.5ram obtained from the Chlat area (Table 3).

As mentioned early, a part of the excavated materials intended to be use as concrete aggregates have a high sulphate content of 3.47% of SO 3 in mass (60% anhydrite and 40% gypsum) and so they are ...

The low cement content, slag-bearing blends exhibited greatest sulfate resistance, irrespective of the presence of barium carbonate as addition or aggregate. In mortars made with commercial, low C 3 A content (Ref.) sulfate-resistant cement, barium carbonate sand inhibited gypsum and ettringite formation, whereas both products …

It observed that less sulfate content (SO3) in fine aggregate (sand) means less magnetized water required for the washing process. A reduction in compressive strength up to (17.37) %, flexural strength up to (8.37) % and splitting tensile strength up to (11.58) % at age (90 days) was observed in concrete mix (MTS with sand of SO3 = …

Marine aggregates are the natural sand and gravels available in the sea or dredged from seabed. Contents of chloride, sulphate and shell in the marine …

This Standard sets out methods for the determination of chloride content and sulfate content (including easily oxidizable sulfide content) of concrete and concrete aggregates. The solutions obtained from the sample may also be used to determine the acid- soluble calcium oxide content of these materials. The method of solution will react …

🕑 Reading time: 1 minuteQuantities of materials for concrete such as cement, sand and aggregates for production of required quantity of concrete of given mix proportions such as 1:2:4 (M15), 1:1.5: 3 (M20), 1:1:2 (M25) can be calculated by absolute volume method. This method is based on the principle that the volume of fully compacted […]

The durability of internally cured concrete (ICC) with silicon–aluminum based fine lightweight aggregate (FLWA) exposed to combined sulfate and wetting–drying attack were conducted through evaluating concrete mass, relative dynamic elastic moduli (RDEM), flexural strength, microstructure and erosion products, with the consideration of …

It can be seen in Fig. 1 that the BS 8500 (BS 8500-1, 2006) total chloride limit for reinforced concrete that is non-heat curing and made with sulphate resistance cement (0.2) is nearly violated at mix M4 (w/c = 0.48) even though the chloride content is less than BS 882 (BS 882, 1992) standardized limits for aggregate and ASTM C 94 (ASTM C 94 ...

I Alternatively, aggregate impact value (max.) kN % 150 25 100 30 50 45 I 4.5 Acid soluble sulphate content When requested, the producer shall provide the acid soluble sulphate content of the aggregate determined in accordance with BS 812 : Part 118. N U E .

In order to improve the properties of machine-made sand concrete, the effects of the aggregate micro fines (AMF) content, aluminum sulfate, and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the slump, compressive ...

graded aggregate (especially sand), with acceptable sulphate content that can be used in concrete. In order to control internal sulphate attack in concrete, international standards limited the sulphates either as percentage of SO 3 ion by weight of aggregate, or as total SO 3in the concrete mix by weight of cement. But still a third group did ...

Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregate, LS-602. (from OPSS 1002 PROV/MUNI, Table 4) OPSS 1002 Clause 1002.05.03.01.02 Concrete Structures, Sidewalks, Curb and Gutter. The nominal maximum aggregate size shall be 19.0 mm, or as specified in the Contract Documents. Gradation of the coarse aggregate shall be within the limits shown …

Your answer regarding permissible levels of chlorides and sulfates in aggregate might be OK for Saudi Arabia but certainly not for most of the United States. A limit on NaCl is meaningless: Does one measure sodium, or chloride, or both?

The standard procedure described in EN 196-1 [29] for mortar fabrication was followed, where normalized sand was replaced volumetrically by FRA: using a particle density of 2.6 g/cm 3 for normalized sand and 1.95 g/cm 3 for the FRA, the aggregate envelope volume was kept constant. After a cure of 24 h, the mortars were kept in water …

Concrete is a hydrated, hardened composite of cementitious paste and aggregates (sand, gravel, and/or crushed stone). Modern day concrete structures are generally demolished after 50 to 100 years ...

The Iraqi standard specification No.45 (1984) limited the upper limit of sulfate content in the sand not exceeded (0.5%). ... sand content of about 685 kg/m³, and gravel content of about 1,020 kg ...

A detailed conductivity test method for sulfate ion content in hardened concrete was designed. • The diffusion equation of manufactured sand concrete under sulfate freeze-thaw cycles is derived by proposing the limit number of freeze-thaw cycles N 0 and the limit diffusion depth X 0.. The diffusion parameter v proposed by is a new …

1. SCOPE. 1.1 This standard covers the requirements for aggregates, crushed or. uncrushed, derived from natural sources, such as river terraces and river- beds, glacial deposits, rocks, boulders and gravels, for use in the Production of concrete for normal structural purposes including mass concrete works. 4.

The mechanical test results show that when the sulfate content is less than 3%, the sulfate is almost completely dissolved and the aggregate is less, which increases compressive strength and the cohesion; when the sulfate content is more than 3%, too much sulfate cannot be dissolved and precipitated; hence, the aggregate increases.

Sulfate Solution Preparation. Chemicals used for the soundness test of aggregates include Sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate USP grade salts. These are widely available from chemical suppliers in either anhydrous or crystalline form. To prepare the immersion fluid, stir the chemical salts in 25° to 30°C (77° to 86°F) water until the ...

With the depletion and increasing demand of river sand, machine-made sand could be used more and more in concrete. In order to improve the properties of machine-made sand concrete, the effects of the aggregate micro fines (AMF) content, aluminum sulfate, and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the slump, compressive strength, …

The use of coral sand filler and supplementary cementitious materials partially replacing Portland cement facilitates the utilization of coral debris waste in oceanic construction as well as CO 2 emission. The effect on thaumasite sulfate attack by coral sand powder is compared with limestone powder since thaumasite sulfate attack has …

Both soluble sulphate content and moisture content of soil are subject to seasonal fluctuations and are mutually interdependent. 0.2.1 This standard was first published in 1968. In this revision a calorimetric or turbidimetric method, which is a rapid method has been added. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to ...

The sulfate content in the RAC with SF was the highest, whereas that in the RAC with GBFS was the lowest. At the exposure time of 1440 h, the sulfate contents of the RAC with SF were 2.214%, 1.281%, and 0.334%, which were 6.88, 12.44, and 7.26 times of the RAC with GBFS, at exposure depths of 6, 10, and 14 mm, respectively. …

1. Determination of Particle Size Distribution – Sieving Method (EN 933-1) In a sieve analysis, a sample of dry aggregate of known weight is separated through a series of …

The combined effect of sulphates present in aggregates and high levels of chloride ions in the mixing water on some properties of concrete was studied. Different amounts of …