During this period, Canada was recognized as the second largest gold producer and a sizeable amount of the gold production came from the treatment by flotation of copper–gold ores, refractory gold ores, and complex gold ores.

Today, with a stringent economic and environmental climate prevailing in the copper business, there is increased interest in evaluating new processing alternatives for production. Hydrometallurgical pressure oxidation of copper concentrates is one of the more viable approaches, and several technological candidates have emerged. Of these, …

Copper minerals present difficulties during the cyanide leaching of gold ores leading to excessively high consumption of cyanide (and oxygen) coupled with low extraction of gold. Copper cyanide species, if present …

Processing refractory ores containing copper and gold can be challenging due to the presence of minerals that are resistant to conventional leaching methods.

The production of gold from refractory gold ores has been increasing due to the exhaustion of free milling gold ores. The presence of cyanicides (e.g., copper minerals) and encapsulation of gold ...

Publisher Summary. Gold tellurides are treated commercially in a small number. The leaching of telluride ores has always been problematical with a perceived mismatch of findings between the researchers and the operators as to the recoverability of gold by cyanide leaching of gold-telluride ores without some form of oxidative pre …

PDF | On May 25, 1987, John Monhemius published Recent advances in the treatment of refractory gold ores | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

The ores of the Berezovsky deposit are the gold-bearing sulfide-polymetallic type. The ores are characterized by a wide range of elements presented in the sulfide form: lead, zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, etc. The high content of arsenic (from 1 to 1.5%) is noteworthy. Acicular arsenopyrite and lautite are gold-bearing.

The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), major gold carriers in refractory gold ores, however, hinder gold extraction due to the high consumption of a lixiviant. In this study, a new method to improve gold …

Copper containing ores are discussed in some detail as they interfere in the CIP/CIL process. Oxygen consuming and preg-robbing ores are also described. Five different classes of process options for pretreating refractory ores are considered in detail.

Arsenic is a common contaminant in refractory gold ores/concentrates and it's accepted that total pressure oxidation (POX) is the most appropriate technology to treat these due to their refractoriness and ability to stabilize arsenic via ferric arsenate compounds (Fe-As).

The BIOX ® process for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been in commercial operation for 35 years following the commissioning of the first commercial installation at the Fairview Gold Mine in 1986. The process has been proven to operate successfully over a wide range of concentrate feed grades and mineralogies, …

The treatment of refractory copper ores by the segregation process—E. T. Pinkney and N. Plint. A small plant was constructed to carry out the process on a larger scale using stationary muffles for the chloridization. The writer found that the copper in solution was mainly in the cuprous form, in spite of the fact that the material was heated ...

Porphyry copper ores and gold-bearing sulphides are significant contributors to overall world gold production. Flotation is the principal process for pre-concentration of the sulphides, for subsequent smelting, roasting or hydrometallurgical treatment.

These disadvantages, coupled with the depletion of easily leachable ores, are forcing the mineral industry to explore new options to treat the refractory gold and silver ores.

Due to the rapid development of the world economy, the demand for copper has sharply increased. 1, 2, 3 However, high-quality copper resources have become scarce. 4 Moreover, the development and utilization of complex and refractory copper oxide ore is becoming more important as mining pure metal becomes more difficult.

With the evolving landscape of gold mineral resource development and utilization, the easily treatable gold resources are continuously decreasing, while refractory gold minerals are becoming the most important resources in the field of gold extraction. In these original ores, most of the gold is encapsulated in the lattice of pyrite and …

Some refractory gold ores present unique challenges during metallurgical processing, such as cases in which gold occurs with other minerals. Roasting, pressure oxidation, bio-oxidation and ultrafine grinding are popular gold pre-treatment methods.

The findings enable the thiosulphate leaching of high sulphide containing gold ores to be more efficient at lower thiosulphate consumption following the oxidative ammoniacal pre-treatment.

Recovering gold from sulfide refractory gold ore has been an important guarantee for the sustainable development of gold industry, while there are many challenges in the treatment of sulfide ...

Problem ores that yield low (say less than 80%) gold recovery by cyanidation when “normally ground” are defined as refractory. The term, as well as the technical methods used to treat such ores, are relatively new. …

The TORCO process or Treatment of Refractory Copper Ores involved a reduction roast using salt and coal of the refractory copper silicate ore in a fluid bed roaster to reduced the copper to the ...

In the indirect smelting process, the calcine of refractory gold ores are added in the copper or lead smelting processes during which gold can be enriched into copper matte or crude lead. Then gold is extracted from the anode slimes. In the direct smelting process, refractory gold ores are smelted directly with gold enriched into …

The current review article focuses on the quantification of As generation through the metallurgical processing of refractory gold-bearing ores, while it highlights the relative optimum decontamination-immobilization techniques.

A significant contemporary challenge for gold mining companies is to define economic process options for treating more complex ore bodies as the less refractory ores become depleted. Demonstration of economic treatment options allows gold companies to maintain and increase their ore reserves.

These refractory ores are usually pretreated by some oxidizing process after which gold and silver can be recovered by standard cyanidation process. Since ozone gas (O 3) is a strong oxidizing, it may be regarded as a promising alternative in the treatment of refractory ores.

Problem ores that yield low (say less than 80%) gold recovery by cyanidation when "normally ground" are defined as refractory. The term, as well as the technical methods used to treat such ores, are relatively new. Rose and Newman's very comprehensive book, The Metallurgy of Gold, does not even contain the term refractory in its latest, fourth …

Acid heap leaching has been extensively applied to the processing of copper oxide ores, with recovery of copper by solvent extraction and electrowinning. Heap leaching has also been extended to the treatment of secondary sulphide copper ores, where oxidative conditions are generated in aerated heaps by the bacterially-assisted oxidation of …

The depletion of readily amenable gold ores and discovery of complex deposits inspire knowledge improvement and search of commercially effective technique in extracting gold from refractory gold ...

Refractory ores are defined as those that give low gold recoveries or give acceptable gold recoveries only with the use of significantly more reagents or more complex pre-treatment processes. Based on the mineralogical characteristics and mineral processing techniques required, gold ores can be classified into 11 types (Table 1).