Purified-activated bentonite. The purified bentonite must be activated later by the same method described for the purification and activation, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) determined by the methylene blue method after purification activation was about 120.82 meq/100 g air-dried bentonite and the mass yield was 58.97%.

The chemical, mineralogical and microbial purity would allow the safe use of purified activated bentonite labelled as K5 as a pharmaceutical raw material, particularly as an excipient. The purified bentonite could be used in the formulation of oral and topical applications as a suspension agent because of its high swelling volume and high ...

Na C in Al 3C -modified bentonite clay ( Table 1 ). The CEC results showed that South Afri- can bentonite clay has a high CEC of 262 meq 100 g ¡1 at pH 5.4 and 265.5 meq 100 g ¡1 at pH 7.4 ...

bentonite-activated biochar composite and its application for ... used. All inorganic chemicals used in this study (K 2Cr 2O 7,1,5-diphenylcarbazide, NaOH, HCl, NaCl, H 3PO 4,H 2SO 4,and

Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact …

The adsorption of humic acid on bentonite from Milos Island (Greece) acid-treated with dilute H 2 SO 4 solutions over a concentration range between 0.25 and 13 M has been studied. Bentonite activated with 3 M sulfuric acid (AAS) showed a higher efficiency in removing humic acid from aqueous solutions and was selected for further …

The adsorption capacity of natural and acid-activated bentonite and sepiolite for anionic dyes normally used in the tannery was compared with that of a conventional adsorbent such as activated carbon. ... bentonite has been used to remove a number of chemical species: amines (Breen, 1991); organic pigments (β-carotenes) (Gonzalez …

Chemical oxygen demand50000 ... Chitosan, activated carbon and bentonite were used to remove the residual oil, and a comparative study between the adsorbents was done. The destabilization of oil-in-water is successfully performed by the application of adsorbent, which shows a synergistic enhancement for the effective …

In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used ...

These include activated carbon, bentonite, peat, sand, coal, fiberglass, polypropylene, amberlite, organoclay, and attapulgite [12]. Activated carbon is an adsorbent that is commonly used in the removal of a wide variety of organic compounds including oil from water and has proven to be technically feasible [13].

XRF analysis was carried out to confirm the changes in the chemical composition of the bentonite clay due to acid treatment as described in Section 2.3.The results are presented in Table 2.The raw bentonite sample predominantly contained silica (SiO 2), alumina (Al 2 O 3) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3).In addition, some impurities in the …

Acid activated bentonite powders have been used in the removal of dyes and surfactants from wastewaters by ion exchange and other adsorption processes ... In addition, changes in crystal structure, chemical composition, cation exchange capacity, and surface area of the powders with the acid dosage used for the activation were examined. 2.

Therefore, the key objective of this study is to immobilize acid activated bentonite fine powder by using alginate to make an effective spherical shaped composite beads those can be easily separated and recovered after efficient removal of Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ from aqueous solutions under various physico-chemical parameters.

Co 2 + ion adsorption into Saudi activated bentonite was well represented to by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R 2 was ~ 1.0. Hashemian et al. [119] reported the removal of Co 2 + from aqueous solution using Fe 3 O 4 /bentonite nanocomposite synthesis by chemical co

In activated bentonite suspensions, A-WB has the closest with R 2 of 0.9975 but it shows similar properties with A-NB; ... The rheological, mineralogical and chemical characteristic of the original and the Na 2 CO 3-activated Tunisian swelling clay (Aleg Formation) and their utilization as drilling mud.

An organic compound adsorbent is prepared by modifying acid-activated bentonite with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The physical and chemical properties of the samples before and after modification are characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) …

Handbook of Clay Science. P. Komadel, J. Madejová, in Developments in Clay Science, 2013 Abstract. Acid activation is a common chemical modification of clays, usually bentonites, with a hot solution of a mineral acid (typically HCl or H 2 SO 4), and it is used for both scientific and industrial purposes.The aim is to obtain partly dissolved material …

Activated carbon, bentonite and chitosan are three types of natural adsorbents, which have been used in many applications, ranging from food and separation technology to wastewater treatment. Chitosan is a natural, modified carbohydrate biopolymer. It is a partially deacetylated derivate obtained by alkaline treatment of chitin [5].

Chemical activation using a strong inorganic acid solution is a standard method for BE preparation; this acid-activated bentonite (AAB) is widely used in many palm oil refineries (Peter, 2016). AAB, however, is not beneficial for the process-equipment because of corrosion caused by its acidity; it also causes loss of some oils (products) …

The current paper is paying attention to the synthesis of a low-cost, abundant and efficient hybrid activated bentonite–alginate composite ABent/A. Hybrid composite morphology was determined through FTIR, XRPD, and pHPZC. The operational conditions for the retention of two dyes used in the textile industry (methylene blue and …

Green ZnO-decorated acid-activated bentonite-mediated curcumin extract (ZnO@CU/BE) was prepared as a multifunctional antioxidant and antidiabetic agent based on the extract of curcumin, …

For activated carbon and bentonite, the optimum dosages were 8.0 g and 10.0 g/l, respectively, 30 min of mixing time at 150 rpm, 80 and 60 min of settling time, respectively, and pH of 4.0–5.0 ...

Calcium bentonite, known as fuller's earth in Great Britain (Robertson, 1986), is acid activated to make bleaching earths used as a refining and clarifying agent in the production of edible oils and fats, and industrial oils and waxes. Acid activation enhances properties already present in the clay by changing certain chemical and physical ...

The thermal-activated bentonite in the bleaching process of Illipe butter reduced beta carotene levels from 125.42 µg / mg to 17.79 µg / mg and changed the colour of butter into yellowish-white ...

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of acid-activated bentonite by focusing on its capability of improving the quality of tap water used during wire electrical discharge machining. Raw bentonite (RB) was activated using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid solutions with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mol/L, respectively.

Acid treated clay is widely used in so many chemical reactions such as; acid-treated halloysite clay catalysts were used for the heavy crude oil hydrocracking to produce gasoline and diesel (Abbasov et al., 2016); activated palygorskite used for removal of the contaminants of cations like Pb 2+, Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ in environmental …

7.1.9. Conclusion. Acid activation of clays and clay minerals was used for decades both in laboratories for basic and applied research and in industrial production for many applications. Even so, it still remains one of the most common chemical modifications of clays for the future of clay science and applications.

Moreover, acid-activated bleaching earth is sometimes called bentonite. At the final stage, the activated earth is washed to eliminate, as much as possible, the acid and metallic salts resulting from the acid action. ... Another advantage of this process over chemical refining is that it is more economical (e.g., fewer chemicals used, lower ...

Activated bentonites are low-cost acid catalysts used in several reactions. However, their application at an industrial scale is affected by the formation of colloidal suspensions when these bentonites are in aqueous solutions. In order to overcome these limitations, this work proposes obtaining a catalyst based on a composite containing …

Chemicals and materials. The bentonite used in this study was obtained from CMB Co. (Egypt). ... The thus obtained acid-activated bentonite was dried in the oven for 5 h at a temperature of 373 K.