The overall goal of this project was to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone FGD processes. This was a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co., and Central Illinois Public …

(PCC), from wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-product gypsum. The wet FGD process, ... (1994-1995) focused on a process that converted gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with a by product P CC. The cost estimates suggested that the process is economically feasible when granular size ammonium sulfate crystals are

The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that the process is economically feasible when ammonium sulfate crystals are produced in a granular size (1.2 to 3.3 mm), …

CIPS will provide technical assistance and samples of FGD-gypsum for the project. In this quarter, a literature study that should give detailed insight into the chemistry, process schemes, and costs of producing ammonium sulfate from gypsum is in progress at the ISGS. Acquisition of a high quality FGD-gypsum sample was completed.

Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate …

One approach is to produce cost-competitive ammonium sulfate fertilizer and commercial-grade calcium carbonate from FGD-gypsum. Ammonium sulfate is a valuable source of …

FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate …

Effect of addition of ammonium sulfate on compound fertilizer granulation was investigated. ... 2 SO 4 promoted the conversion of yellow flue gas desulfurization gypsum into gypsum whiskers; (NH 4) 2 SO 4 interacted with humic acid and urea to generate a new complex; urea sulfate was formed under acidic conditions. The …

producing commercial-grade ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. (IP), and Central Illinois Public Services (CIPS). Bench-scale experiments

The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that the process is economically feasible when ammonium sulfate crystals are produced in a granular size (1.2 to 3.3 mm), instead of …

Goal is to assess technical and economic feasibility for producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced in limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD).

Phase 1 of the project focused on the process for converting FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with PCC produced as a by-product during the conversion. Early cost estimates suggested that the process was economically feasible when granular size ammonium sulfate crystals were produced. However, sale of the by-product PCC …

The overall goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility for producing feasibility-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. …

Ammonia-based FGD. Efficient ammonia desulfurization (EADS) is the core service of JET. From the reaction between NH3 and SO2, it is capable of efficiently removing SO2 from the exhaust gas and also producing valuable fertilizer, ammonium sulfate. Compared to the most widely used limestone-gypsum process in boiler flue gas …

Another possibility is to use gypsum as a fertilizer; directly as a water suspension or a raw material for the production of other sulfur containing fertilizers, mainly in form of ammonium sulfate ...

The solid ammonium sulfate byproduct is readily marketable; ammonia sulfate is the most utilized fertilizer and fertilizer component in the world, with worldwide market growth expected through 2030.

The goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing marketable products, namely fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate, from gypsum produced as part of lime/limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. Millions of tons of FGD-gypsum by-product will be produced in this decade.

The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion.

FGD PRODUCTS (cont.) Unoxidized Lime/Limestone FGD products are thixotropic sludges (consistency of toothpaste—may liquefy when shaken) Difficult to dewater. Require some sort of processing or admixture such as fly ash or lime to achieve moisture levels that can be handled. Cannot be easily stored, transported or spread with conventional ...

Gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a natural mineral. It is, however, also well known as a by-product (co-fertilizer material) of technologies producing phosphate fertilizers (Parrish and Ogilvie 1939; Kongshaug et al. 2000), technologies used for the production of TiO 2 (Gázquez et al. 2014), and others.From the "non-chemical" …

The overall goal of this project was to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as …

FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD- …

reaction of FGD gypsum with ammonium carbonate ((NH4) CO) to produce ammonium sulfate ((NH4)SO) and cal cium carbonate (CaCO). Both the ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate products are commercially valuable mate rials and are produced by the present process in high purity and high yield. Ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) is used …

The reaction for the mineral carbonation of FGD gypsum is as follows: CaSO 4 · 2 H 2 O ( s) + CO 2 ( g) + 2 NH 4 OH ( l) → CaCO 3 ( s) + ( NH 4) 2 SO 4 ( aq) In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of using FGD gypsum as the raw material for CO 2 sequestration. In addition, the effects of the …

GNS uses a modified stripping process, wherein the ammonium nitrogen is removed from digestates by using only exhaust heat from the CHP without the use of bases, acids or external stripping media. Binding of ammonia preferred with FGD gypsum to produce a concentrated ammonium sulfate solution and solid calcium carbonate…

FGD Gypsum Production Process. Mineralogically identical to natural gypsum, FGD gypsum, or synthetic gypsum, is produced from gas captured within emission control systems at coal fired electric utilities. An emission that would compromise air quality, sulfur dioxide (SO 2) gas, is the primary contribution coal makes to FGD gypsum.

Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), a solid waste produced during sulfur removal in coal-fired power plants, has applications in saline-alkali soil amelioration due to its function of calcium‑sodium ion exchange. Existing research has focused on the use of gypsum to improve saline-alkali soils in non-coastal areas.

commercial products, ammonium sulfate fertilizer and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), from FGD-gypsum. Ammonium sulfate is a valuable nutrient source for both nitrogen and sulfur for growing plants. There is an increasing demand for sulfur in the sulfate form as a plant nutrient because of decreased sulfur compounds in atmospheric …

Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70°C for a duration of five to six hours. The results of a literature review and preliminary bench-scale experiments are presented in this paper. INTRODUCTION The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act mandate a two-stage, 10-million ton reduction in …

The goal of this project was to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone FGD processes. The procedure and the preliminary cost estimates of the process will be presented in this paper.