Abstract: Cement-treated base (CTB) is a mixed-in-place or central-plant-produced material consisting of soil/aggregate, cement, and water that creates a strong and durable stabilized roadway base. This guide to CTB discusses its applications, benefits, design, construction, testing, and performance.

The PROTECTION line includes systems aimed at increasing the durability of the materials employed in building such as concrete, wood and stone, environmentally friendly products for waterproofing and cement coatings for refurbishing deterioration.

Sure-Grip is a well-established concrete protective liner with a stud height of 13 mm and is suited for new constructions, tank rehabilitation, and precast elements such as concrete pipes and manholes. Sure-Grip …

The incorporation of bio-based materials in concrete contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions, due to the ability to store CO2 via photosynthesis during plant growth, and to the ...

Concrete is the most popular construction material all over the world [1]. In the production of concrete, 1.6 billion tons of cement is used worldwide. In addition to the cement, the concrete industry is also consuming 10 billion tons of aggregates and 1 billion tons of mixing water annually.

Water-based concrete sealers like Rain Guard Concrete Sealer and Rain Guard Concrete Sealer, Water-Based Penetrating Protection offer exceptional protection against water, oil, and stains, preserve the natural look of concrete surfaces, and are suitable for both vertical and horizontal concrete surfaces.

Approach of using industrial waste as supplementary cementitious material or cement free concrete also would reduce dependency on cement demand. Success in utilizing other alternative material which production consumes lesser natural resources, economic and has lesser harm to the nature to act as binder in concrete would …

The addition of nanomaterials in cement-based materials, associated with their dispersion in cement composites, is explored to evaluate their effects on the resistance of cement-based materials to physical deteriorations, …

The increasing demand for reconstructions of concrete structures and the wide availability on the market of surface protective products and systems could lead to misunderstandings in the decision …

This paper analyzes and compares the environmental impact and economic cost impact of concrete brick and permeable brick in the system boundary of "cradle-to-gate", using the life cycle assessment approach. From the perspective of source tracking, the key processes and materials are identified for their significant environmental impacts.

The topic of sustainability of reinforced concrete structures is strictly related with their durability in aggressive environments. In particular, at equal environmental impact, the higher the durability of construction materials, the higher the sustainability. The present review deals with the possible strategies aimed at producing sustainable and durable …

The selection, proportioning and mixing of the concrete materials shall be such as to produce a mix which works readily into corners and angles of the forms, and around reinforcement, but without permitting the material to segregate or excess free water to collect on the surface.

Sikagard®-5500 is a one-part, water-based, elastic protective coating for concrete. The very high static and dynamic crack-bridging abilities work in a wide temperature range and reduce required consumption. The durable formulation includes materials derived from renewable sources, thereby reducing the product's carbon footprint.

CCS™ Coatings. ChemCo Systems concrete coatings are intended primarily for industrial applications as protection from corrosive acids, alkalies and solvents as well as fuels, oils and greases. All of our coatings are solids, are not flammable, have very low shrinkage, contain no solvents or water, and have 0 VOCs so they can be used ...

Titan's Concrete Protection Liner is high density polyethylene ( HDPE) geomembrane sheet with studs on one side that lock into applied surfaces. Made with one of the most chemically resistant geosynthetic materials it is used to protect concrete structures from corrosion, erosion and mechanical damage. Providing superior long-term protection ...

Cement-based composite materials consist of hardened cement paste as a base, which is formed by hydration between cement and water, and a mixture of various inorganic, metallic, and polymeric materials. The mixture can comprise two or all three types of the above-mentioned materials. Conventional concrete, produced from portland cement, …

One of the most widely used materials for construction is concrete. Concrete is weak in tension and strong in compression and cracks are inevitable in concrete. Once cracks form, in concrete it may reduce the life span of the concrete structures. Various repairing techniques are available to repair the cracks but they are …

Coating materials are considered one of the most antique materials of human civilization; they have been used for decoration and the protection of surfaces for millennia. Concrete structures—due to their permanent exposure to different types of environments and contaminants—require the use of coatings that contribute to its …

Under this circumstance, water can be prevented from penetrating the surface of the concrete. In the latter, surface protection material can penetrate the concrete through pores, capillaries, and …

The first line of defense against chemical attack is to use quality concrete with maximum chemical resistance. This is enhanced by the application of protective treatments in severe environments to keep corrosive substances from contacting the concrete or to improve the chemical resistance of the concrete surface.

Silane-based protective materials have emerged as a promising solution that reduces the surface energy of substrates, limits the penetration of harmful substances, and provides multidimensional protection for concrete substrates.

Potential environ-mental impact of products for concrete repair and protection are investigated from raw material extraction, production, ap-plication and use to final disposal at end of life. Construction and end-of-life scenario of the reinforced concrete structure itself are excluded.

This paper presents the state-of-the-art review of deploying agro-wastes as precursor for geopolymer concrete with the view to aggregating the research studies of using agro waste ash-based geopolymer as the most auspicious, durable, inexpensive, user-friendly, and eco-beneficial construction materials for the long-term use.

This review article proposes the identification and basic concepts of materials that might be used for the production of high-performance concrete (HPC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Although other reviews have addressed this topic, the present work differs by presenting relevant aspects on possible materials …

The mixing method of geopolymer concrete can be performed by adopting the traditional. techniques used in production of normal concrete (Lloyd and Rangan, 2010). F irstly, all. materials fl y ash ...

A concrete compound that is used to build heavily fortified structures. Concrete Materials (aka "concrete") is a valuable building material only used to build Concrete Structures, such as Tier 3 Trenches and Bunkers, as well as Storm Cannons and Intelligence Centers. Previously they were considered a building material, like Basic or Refined ...

The present paper discusses the various possible recycled aggregates used in concrete production, their effect on both fresh and hardened properties as well as durability performances.

Grouting. Grout is a composite material generally consisting of water, cement, and sand. It is typically used for filling voids under machines or other structural elements, sealing joints and openings in surfaces and reinforcing existing structures.

The repair, protection and reinforcement of concrete structures can be a complex process with challenges that differ from job to job, so it is vitally important to go through a thorough and detailed process including analysis, planning, preparation, and execution to ensure successful end results.

In this paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the utilization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), which is the dominant construction and demolition waste material, in base and subbase layers and its comparison with natural aggregate (NA). The effects of crushing on the particles as a result of the compaction on …