A digital pantograph uses sensors and numerical control to scale a master drawing and replicate it accurately onto another surface. It works by moving a mechanical drawing tool like a pen or engraving bit according to programmed coordinates, allowing the creation of multiple identical copies from a single original design.

In this work, a novel graph construction method is proposed for the fault diagnosis of pantographs combined with a graph neural network (GNN). In the graph construction method, 1D load signals collected from the test pantograph are firstly transformed into multiple 2D images with the same size in both time and frequency domains using …

As one of the three basic relationships of high-speed railway (i.e., pantograph–catenary relationship, wheel–rail relationship and fluid–solid relationship), pantograph–catenary system is the key to maintain the constant and reliable power supply for high-speed trains, as shown in Fig. 1a and b, which contains two main components—the catenary and the …

1 Introduction. The pantograph–catenary contact, fluid–structure interaction, and wheel–rail performance may be regarded as the three fundamental relationships for high-speed trains (HSTs), which determine their safety and reliability [].Being responsible for power transfer to HSTs, the pantograph–catenary system (PCS) plays a critical role in …

The leg mechanisms consist of a four-bar linkage and a pantograph mechanisms and it is based on a Low-cost Easy-operation idea. Experiment tests of the prototype shows the feasible and drawbacks ...

The pantograph helped reduce the cost of carousels by allowing the makers to carve several heads of the horse at once. It then developed into where the bodies were able to be made with a pantograph. Robots and Pantographs -In this link you will find how pantographs are used to develope robots. A pantograph is used in the leg configuration.

The isolator is a manual mechanical switch that disconnects any part of the electrical equipment from the system as needed. Isolators are usually operating in no-load conditions or offline. There is no special arrangement for the arc extinguisher. Electrical sub-stations for separating the transformer from no-load or lightly loaded lines.

The two diagonals are halved. The rods are connected via articulated joints. The pole (fixed pivot), tracer point, and drawing pen all lie on a straight line. Fig. 3: Pantograph. To reduce drawing A, the pantograph is fixed at the pole P. With the adjustable bars, the given ratio is defined.

Pantograph. Jiqin Wu, in Pantograph and Contact Line System, 2018. 2.1 Overview. Pantographs are a special devices mounted on electric trains to collect current from one or several contact wires. They consist of a pantograph head, frame, base, and drive system, and their geometrical shape is variable. Pantographs in operation are entirely or …

Construction: LVDT is a transformer consisting of one primary winding P and two secondary winding S1 & S2 mounted on a cylindrical former. The two secondary winding have equal number of turns and placed identically on either side of the primary winding as shown in figure below. A movable soft iron core is placed inside the former.

Helium Neon Laser Construction and Working Construction of He Ne Laser. The helium-neon laser consists of three main components: Pump source (high voltage power supply). Gain medium (laser glass tube or discharge glass tube). Resonating cavity. The Helium-neon gas laser system consists of a glass tube of nearly one meter in …

The frame is a hinged structure which can make the pantograph head move in a vertical direction relative to the pantograph base and is used to support the weight of the pantograph head and to transfer the static contact force of the pantograph. The frame size is mainly determined by the required pantograph working range. (2) Bottom frame

Martin Construction, Inc. was founded in 1978 by Kurt Martin. Throughout the 1980's and 1990's, Martin Construction, Inc. concentrated on small highway grading and site development projects in southwest North Dakota and extreme eastern Montana. Starting in the late 1990's and continuing today, the company has expanded into: Large Highway ...

Nd:YAG laser definition. Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser is a solid state laser in which Nd: YAG is used as a laser medium. These lasers have many different applications in the medical and scientific field for processes such as Lasik surgery and laser spectroscopy. Nd: YAG laser is a four-level laser system, which means ...

Now, for his Working Pattern engraving, Goudy used a (1) a Deckel machine prior to the 1939 destruction of his workshop by fire, (2) his matrix engraving machine, briefly, from ca. 1939 to 1943 when he was able to obtain another industrial pantograph, and (3) a industrial pantograph, type yet unknown, from Sept. 1943 on.

The pantograph considered in this work is the Faiveley CX pantograph, shown in Fig. 1, ... [22] in which each component is treated as a rigid body. This construction involves defining the data for the rigid bodies, kinematic joints, linear force elements and contact strips for the pantograph–catenary contact. Download : …

Condition monitoring of railway pantographs to achieve fault detection and fault diagnosis. September 2018. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid ...

What is a Potentiometer : Construction & Its Working. The Potentiometer is an electric instrument used to measure the EMF (electromotive force) of a given cell, the internal resistance of a cell. And also it is used to compare the EMFs of different cells. It can also use as a variable resistor in most of applications.

An isolator is a type of mechanical switch that is used to electrically isolate electrical circuits from current passing through them. Isolators are used to locally power on and power off machinery when needed for operation, fault finding, or maintenance work. Isolators should not be operated when a machine or system is running and current is ...

The pantograph is often assumed to be a lumped mass [8] or a multibody model [9,10]. Several approaches [11, 12] have been developed to co-simulate the pantograph and the catenary system. To ...

ND YAG laser is the short form used for Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet. Neodymium ion (Nd 3+) Is a very effective laser medium. When it is doped in YAG (YAG which Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) host material or …

Had a plastic pantograph and it was unstable hard to work with.

Overview: A pantograph, first invented in the early 1600s, was used to make exact copies before there were any Xerox machines around. It's a simple mechanical device made up of four bars linked together in a parallelogram shape. Here's how it works: By simply tracing an object with the pointer, the pantograph makes a copy larger or smaller

Roll the machine down so it's between the two dashed lines at the bottom of the pantograph design. Then as you tighten up the backing fabric and quilt top, the quilt and machine will naturally move around 1/4-inch. This is now perfectly positioned on the dashed line that runs along the bottom of the pantograph design.

for a haptic pantograph mechanism. In papers [10, 11] it can be seen how compliant pantograph mechanisms can be used for linear displacement applications. Paper [10] exhibits a large motion displacement analyzed with an FEM simulation. For the model shown in paper [12], the pantograph apparatus is not included but a similar double

IV. PANTOGRAPHS 'Pantograph' is a word derived from Greek language, which means 'every write'. It is a structure with mechanical linkage therefore it works by forming a parallelogram. Technically, pantograph is a conducting arm extending above the rolling stock, collecting traction current from Over-headed line system.

Background Pantograph-catenary resonance is one of the main causes of the increased vibration amplitudes of the pantograph-catenary system. Experimental identification of the modal characteristics of the complex mechanics of the pantograph can provide basis for determining whether the pantograph-catenary resonance occurs or …

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How to Use a Pantograph. Take-hold of both the tracing-stylus, and the lead-holder, and move the tracing-stylus to a point on your reference photo that you want to begin. With as steady a hand as you can manage, move the tracing-stylus along the outline while watching to make sure the lead is making a mark on the drawing paper.

For those unfamiliar with the term, a pantograph is a tool that allows you to enlarge or reduce the scale of drawings and designs. It has an articulated arm structure with a pencil or pen at one end and a tracing point at the other. As you trace an image, the pantograph replicates the lines at a different size on your paper.