The recommended approach to produce the phosphate concentrate is desliming followed by reverse flotation of apatite and an acid leaching of the apatite concentrate to lower the MgO content below ...

In our study, type 1 apatite individuals have REY patterns similar to cotemporaneous collophanites (Fig. 8 a, b), implying similar formation process. In addition, apatite individuals with bell- to flat- REY shapes were consistent with fossils, conodont, and phosphate sediments (Fig. 8 c), consistent with

The process flowsheet consists of one rougher stage followed by a cleaner flotation stage. - By the process of re-grinding and column flotation, from the preliminary flotation concentrate, a final apatite concentrate with a content of 30.68% P 2 O 5 can be obtained with a recovery of 75.74%. The chosen grinding fineness for the test is 90% ...

For the same purpose, various forms of calcium phosphate were hydrolyzed in alkali mediums [21], [22]. Furthermore, numerous studies used different precursors for the fabrication of carbonate apatite by a dissolution-precipitation process including calcium carbonate CaCO 3, calcium phosphates Ca-P, gypsum, zinc phosphate [23], [24].

The contribution of fluid shear stress (FSS) on the conversion of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to bone apatite is investigated. The ACP precursors are prepared by using a wet-chemistry method and further exposed to the constant FSS environment with values of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0Pa. At the des …

Biological apatite is an inorganic calcium phosphate salt in apatite form and nano size with a biological derivation. It is also the main inorganic component of biological hard tissues such as bones and teeth of vertebrates. Consequently, biological apatite has a wide application in dentistry and orthopedics by using as dental fillers and bone ...

The apatite concentrate obtained from the tailings sample of the Zanjan Morvarid iron ore processing plant, located in Iran with dimensions of (mat{d}_{80}=75~mu) m according to Fig. 1, was used to acid leaching and digestion-leaching process experiments.Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and chloridric acid with a purity …

All calcium phosphate (CaP) apatites have the same formula Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 X where X can be for example an OH − ion (hydroxyapatite) or a CO 2− 3 ion (carbonated apatite). The basic CaP apatite structure is hexagonal with space group P6 3 /m and approximate lattice parameters a=9.4 and c=6.9 Å with two formula units per cell. The apatite ...

Phosphate ore is an important strategic mineral resource. The efficient utilization of phosphate resources faces challenges such as low grade of raw ore and difficulty in discharging gangue minerals. One of the key problems to be solved urgently in the reverse flotation of phosphate ore is the effective depression of apatite. However, …

Froth flotation has become an integral part of phosphate concentration process. In this study, double reverse flotation was applied to recover apatite from phosphate ore. H3PO4 and CaO were used ...

Phosphate/apatite Aluminum sulfate and sodium, potassium tartrate Smani et al. (1975) ... For native gold recovery, by froth flotation as a process of mineral concentration, it is necessary to ...

The ν 1-PO 4 3− band positions of phosphate (970–950 ... it was considered that the apatite had undergone a diagenetic process at least to the extent of alteration of apatite. This process ...

Effect of pH on this combined process of wastewater treatment has also been investigated. Removal efficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions and also turbidity have been measured. Water from a tailing dam of an apatite processing industry has been treated by this technique and the produced water used in the flotation …

Hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is a form of calcium phosphate.It is the main inorganic mineral component of teeth and bones. HAp can be chemically synthesised as a biomaterial such as ...

The physicochemical characteristics of synthetic calcium apatite change when the Ca/P ratio varies. In this study, two batches of apatite powder were prepared by precipitation in an aqueous medium at 25 °C with Ca/P molar ratios that were close to those of tricalcium phosphate (1.48, 1.50, and 1.52) and close to those of

Reimphoto / Getty Images Apatite (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 F) is a key part of the phosphorus cycle. It is widespread but uncommon in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Apatite is a family of minerals centered around …

The bands at 1,000–1,100 and 500–600 cm –1 correspond to different modes of PO 4 group in apatite (the phosphate-stretching vibrations and phosphate-bending vibrations, ... of the spectra at 450 and 900 °C should provide information about structural alteration of bioapatite in the process of recrystallization, particularly about ...

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a catalyst that may address the aforementioned needs. Indeed, HAP is a material of varying properties depending on its mode of preparation. Phosphate comprising the ideal formula of Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 belongs to the apatite family; HAP is one of the most usual forms of calcium phosphate. The …

For example, recent in vivo studies in mineralizing zebrafish fin rays (3, 5), and in vitro models of apatite formation on collagen fibrils and nucleating surfaces suggest that bone mineral creation proceeds via the transient formation of amorphous calcium phosphate. This process is biologically ubiquitous, analogous to that used by ...

The flotation beneficiation of apatite for phosphate production is challenging for finely disseminated sedimentary ores rich in carbonates. Similarities in surface properties of the semi-soluble salt-type carbonate and phosphate calcium minerals combined with fine intergrowth are the main reasons for poor grade and low recoveries. …

The object of the study was apatite-nepheline ore of the Khibiny deposits group (Russia) and phosphate ore of the Abu-Tartur deposit (Egypt). For the development of beneficiation schemes and modes, complex studies were carried out on mineral and elemental composition, including optical methods of analysis, electron microscopy using …

Apatite ( Fig. 1.12) is a group of natural calcium mineral±fluorine and chlorine (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (F, Cl, OH)). The mineral primarily occurs as phosphate rock. The large apatite deposits are located in China, Canada, the United States, Europe, Russia, and India. Apatite is used as a source of phosphorus, phosphoric acid, and fertilizers.

Apatite is the main source of phosphorous for the making of chemical fertilizers. While apatite is usually recovered from phosphate orebodies as the primary product of a mining exploitation, this paper documents the approach taken to produce a phosphate concentrate as a secondary product from the tailings of a niobium ore …

Most biominerals are inorganic/organic composite materials. 1 This is also the case for the bones and teeth of all vertebrates, which are formed by the combination of an inorganic calcium phosphate phase and an organic matrix 2 ().The inorganic component is a nanocrystalline solid with apatite structure and the chemical composition of a …

Calcium phosphate apatites offer outstanding biological adaptability that can be attributed to their specific physico-chemical and structural properties. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the specific characteristics of calcium phosphate apatite biominerals in vertebrate hard tissues (bone, dentine and enamel). Firstly, the …

The apatite formation process is kinetically controlled (Van Cappellen, 1991) and variations in mineral reaction surface area and initial bulk Ca : P ratio should affect the reaction rate of PO 4 3− precipitation and thereby affect the O isotope distribution pattern between phosphate phases over time.

The flotation process currently considered for apatite concentration from the Santa Quitéria phosphate deposit (Brazil), involves bulk flotation of apatite and calcite with anionic collector at ...

The simplified flotation flowsheet is given in Fig. 1. In this process, after desliming and sizing, the ore is conditioned with fatty acids and fuel oil at a pH of 9.0–9.5. Then, the apatite is first floated from silica and carbonates in the rougher stage at which 0.8–2.0 lb/ton of fatty acid and 1.0–4.0 lb/ton fuel oil . Flotation reagents

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF BONE. In 1771, Scheele first reported the presence of calcium phosphate minerals in bone (Scheele 1931).Later, bone mineral was described as a form of hydroxyapatite [(Ca) 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2] comparable to geological apatite (a group of phosphate minerals) by both chemical composition and X-ray diffraction …

Synthetic-calcium-phosphate-apatite-based compounds are frequently encountered in the literature dealing with bone tissue engineering. ... In this view, pH monitoring could again be seen as relevant during the process. 2.1.4. Incomplete Reactions . Hydroxyapatite is a mineral phase that gathers a large number of ions.